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Polish Legions
Tag
(20)
1914
October
07
Austro-Hungarians retake Máramarossziget
On 7 October 1914 Austro-Hungarian troops, supported by the Polish Legions, drove the Cossacks out of Máramarossziget, capital of Máramaros, taken days before.
20
Battle of Dęblin ends
The British chronology ends the Battle of Ivangorod, or Dęblin, on 20 October 1914. In reality the fighting there went on for another week.
22
Polish Military Organisation founded
On 22 October 1914 Piłsudski's envoy Tadeusz Żuliński took command of the riflemen's underground in Warsaw and named it the Polish Military Organisation.
30
Russians take Stanisławów
The British chronicle records the Russian capture of Stanisławów on 30 October 1914. The town had, however, been in their hands since early September.
November
15
Battle of Kraków begins
In mid-November 1914 the Russians neared the fortress of Kraków. On 16 November the Austro-Hungarian Fourth Army sallied out and hit their Ninth Army's flank.
December
22
Battle of Łowczówek
On 22 December 1914 the First Brigade of the Legions, called from Nowy Sącz, attacked at dusk at Łowczówek near Tarnów and retook Hill 360 from the Russians.
1915
February
19
Austrians take Stanisławów
The British chronicle records the Austrian capture of Stanisławów on 19 February 1915. Other sources say they entered a day later and held it for two weeks.
June
12
Battle of Rarańcza begins
On 12 June 1915 the Legions' Second Brigade took Rarańcza in Bukovina unopposed, but was held up by Russian trenches on the hills above Rokitna in Bessarabia.
15
Battle of Rarańcza ends
On 15 June 1915 XI Corps fell back to the Rokitna and the Second Brigade dug in at Rarańcza, where the uhlans killed in the charge at Rokitna were buried.
July
19
End of the second battle of Kraśnik
On the night of 18–19 July 1915 the Russians abandoned their positions at Kraśnik and Urzędów and fell back closer to Lublin. As they left, they burned Urzędów.
August
22
The POW after the Germans enter Warsaw
On 22 August 1915 the POW's Warsaw Battalion, 330 volunteers, left to join the 1st Brigade. Piłsudski stopped further enlistment and kept the POW underground.
October
22
Legions capture Kukle
On 22 October 1915 Rydz-Śmigły's legionaries took the village of Kukle in Volhynia, helping to close the gap a Russian attack had torn in the Styr front.
27
Legions capture Kamieniucha
On 27 October 1915 the 6th Regiment of the Legions and German grenadiers took Kamieniucha in Volhynia in a night attack, capturing over 400 prisoners.
November
10
Legions capture Polish Hill
On 10 November 1915 the Second Brigade and Austro-Hungarian troops took the Russian positions at Kostiuchnówka. The Germans named the hill Polish Hill.
1916
July
04
Key event
Battle of Kostiuchnówka begins
On 4 July 1916 the Russian XLVI Corps attacked the First and Third Brigades of the Legions on the Styr. After a day of shelling it took Polish Hill.
06
End of the Battle of Kostiuchnówka
On 6 July 1916, after three days on the Styr, the Legions were ordered back behind the Stokhid. They lost about 2,000 men, Major Wyrwa-Furgalski among them.
November
05
Key event
Act of 5 November
On 5 November 1916 a manifesto of the German and Austrian emperors was proclaimed in Warsaw and Lublin, promising a Kingdom of Poland without a king or borders.
1917
July
09
Oath crisis
On 9 July 1917, at Piłsudski's call, I and III Brigade legionaries refused an oath of brotherhood in arms with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Internment followed.
1918
February
15
Battle of Rarańcza
On the night of 15–16 February 1918 Colonel Haller's Second Brigade of the Legions broke through the Austrian front at Rarańcza in protest at the Ukraine peace.
May
11
Key event
Fighting at Kaniów
In the night of 10/11 May 1918 the Germans attacked the Polish II Corps at Kaniów. The Poles held out all day, but short of ammunition they capitulated.