economy

Tag

(52)

1914

July

31
- London Stock Exchange closesOn 31 July 1914 the London Stock Exchange closed its doors for the first time since 1801. It did not reopen until January 1915.

August

02
- Britain declares a moratoriumOn 2 August 1914 Britain declared a moratorium on the payment of bills of exchange to save the City of London from a wave of bankruptcies.
04
- Britain publishes a list of contraband of warOn 4 August 1914 a British proclamation defined the goods to be treated as contraband of war. It was the first step towards the blockade of Germany.
11
- France publishes its first contraband listOn 11 August 1914 the French government published its lists of war contraband. Aircraft and balloons were classed as absolute contraband.
20
- Britain modifies the Declaration of LondonOn 20 August 1914 Britain announced it would apply the Declaration of London on naval warfare, but with changes that tightened control of trade.
25
- France issues a new contraband decreeOn 25 August 1914 the French government issued a decree on applying the Declaration of London, tightening, like the British, the rules for seizing goods.

September

November

04
- End of the moratorium in BritainOn 4 November 1914 the general moratorium on the payment of debts, introduced in August for fear of financial panic, expired in Britain.

1915

January

February

July

August

November

December

1916

January

27
- Shipping Control CommitteeOn 27 January 1916 Asquith set up the Shipping Control Committee under Lord Curzon. It was to share out scarce tonnage between home, the forces and the Allies.

February

15
- Extension of British shipping licencesOn 15 February 1916 a British order brought almost every ocean voyage by a ship from the British Isles under licence, to make better use of scarce tonnage.

March

29
- Shuvayev replaces PolivanovAt the end of March 1916 Tsar Nicholas II dismissed the Minister of War, Aleksei Polivanov. He was succeeded by the army's chief quartermaster, Dmitry Shuvayev.

April

June

July

14
- Inter-Allied financial conference in LondonOn 14–15 July 1916 Entente representatives met in London on financing the war. Russia sought new British credits for purchases abroad.

August

24
- Financial conference at CalaisOn 24 August 1916 at Calais the British and French agreed £150 million of credits for France in return for a loan of £50 million in gold.

December

1917

January

11
- German-Turkish treaty in BerlinOn 11 January 1917 Germany and Turkey signed a package of ten legal agreements in Berlin. Based on equality, they were to replace the abolished capitulations.

March

08
- Strikes and demonstrations in PetrogradOn 8 March 1917, Women's Day, the women workers of Petrograd took to the streets demanding bread. Within four days the protest drew in hundreds of thousands.

August

21
- Ministry of ReconstructionOn 21 August 1917 the King approved the act creating the Ministry of Reconstruction. Christopher Addison was to prepare for the problems peace would bring.

November

01
- Ministry of National Service takes over recruitingOn 1 November 1917 Geddes's Ministry of National Service took over army recruiting from the War Office; civilian medical boards began to examine recruits.

1918

January

February

25
- Food rationing in BritainFrom 25 February 1918 meat, butter and margarine could be bought in London and the surrounding counties only with cards. They were meant to end the queues.

April

10
- German-Turkish settlement treatyOn 10 April 1918 Germany and Turkey exchanged in Berlin the ratifications of the settlement treaty and nine other treaties replacing the capitulations.

May

07
- Key eventPeace of BucharestOn 7 May 1918 in Bucharest the Marghiloman government signed peace with the Central Powers. Romania lost Dobruja and the Carpathian passes; Germany got its oil.

June

21
- Radoslavov resignsOn 21 June 1918 Tsar Ferdinand appointed Malinov's government. Radoslavov's cabinet, which took Bulgaria into the war and failed over Dobruja, stood down.