Nicholas II

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1914

July

29
- Russia orders partial mobilisation against Austria-HungaryOn 29 July 1914 Russia mobilised four military districts against Austria-Hungary. That evening the Tsar halted a general mobilisation that was ready to go.
30
- Tsar orders general mobilisation of the Russian armyOn the afternoon of 30 July 1914 Nicholas II, persuaded by Sazonov, agreed to general mobilisation. Its first day was 31 July.
31
- Russia begins general mobilisation31 July 1914 was the first day of general mobilisation in Russia. The news of it provoked an immediate reaction from Berlin.

August

03
- Grand Duke Nicholas becomes commander-in-chief of the Russian armyAt the beginning of August 1914 Tsar Nicholas II entrusted the supreme command of the Russian army to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich.

November

02
- Key eventRussia declares war on TurkeyOn 2 November 1914 Nicholas II issued a manifesto of war with Turkey. The Tsar said it would open Russia's way to its Black Sea aims, that is, the Straits.

1915

March

04
- Russia demands ConstantinopleOn 4 March 1915 Sergey Sazonov asked Britain and France to agree that Constantinople and the Straits would be annexed to Russia after the war.

April

03
- Municipal self-government law for the Kingdom of PolandIn spring 1915 Tsar Nicholas II approved a law giving the towns of the Kingdom of Poland elected councils. The Russians never managed to put it into effect.

June

26
- Dismissal of SukhomlinovOn 26 June 1915 Tsar Nicholas II dismissed the war minister Vladimir Sukhomlinov, blamed for the shell shortage. Alexei Polivanov took his place.

September

05
- Key eventNicholas II takes supreme commandOn 5 September 1915 Nicholas II arrived at the Stavka in Mogilev and took command of the army. Grand Duke Nicholas left; Alekseyev became chief of staff.

1916

February

01
- Boris Stürmer becomes prime minister of RussiaIn early February 1916 the Tsar removed the 76-year-old premier Goremykin. His successor was Boris Stürmer, a conservative close to the Tsarina.

March

29
- Shuvayev replaces PolivanovAt the end of March 1916 Tsar Nicholas II dismissed the Minister of War, Aleksei Polivanov. He was succeeded by the army's chief quartermaster, Dmitry Shuvayev.

April

04
- Brusilov takes command of the South-Western FrontIn late March and early April 1916 General Aleksei Brusilov replaced Nikolai Ivanov at the head of the South-Western Front. He at once demanded to attack.

May

07
- Nikola Pašić in RussiaIn early May 1916 Serbian prime minister Nikola Pašić was the Tsar's guest in Petrograd. Contrary to the British chronology, the government stayed on Corfu.

July

20
- Dismissal of SazonovOn 20 July 1916 the Tsar dismissed the foreign minister Sazonov, advocate of Polish autonomy. His post went to Stürmer, favourite of the Tsarina and Rasputin.

November

24
- Resignation of StürmerOn 24 November 1916 the fall of Russian premier Boris Stürmer, accused of treason in the Duma, was announced. Transport Minister Alexander Trepov succeeded him.

December

1917

January

March

1918

July

16
- Key eventMurder of the imperial familyOn the night of 16–17 July 1918 in Yekaterinburg the Bolsheviks murdered the former Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, their five children and four companions.